Wavecrest OE-2 Guía de usuario

Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000 User’s Guide and Reference Manual 200053-06 REV A

Serial ATA II Hardware Clock Recovery (CR) Tool ... 203 Making a SATA II Hardware CR Measurement – Setup Directions ...

Poles and Zero Plot The axes of the plot is complex frequency normalized to the natural frequency ωn.

Summary Plot This view contains many calculated PLL characteristics such as damping factor, natural frequency, input noise level, lock range, lock-in

PLL Analysis Theory of Operation The PLL Analysis measurement tool is based on a white paper authored by WAVECREST Corporation [1]. The fundamental

OTHER CLOCK TOOLS Statistics - Displays time measurements including frequency and duty cycle. Low Frequency Modulation - Power-up testing of

Statistics Tool Overview The Statistics panel displays the results of several basic clock parameters in text format: mean, minimum, maximum, 1-sigma,

Low Frequency Modulation Tool Overview The Low Frequency Modulation Tool is useful for power-up testing of PLL circuits or measuring low frequency ji

Interpreting views (plots) • Time – Edges (or time) vs. time • FFT 1-clock - Frequency vs. power (N-clock FFT with 20dB/decade Low Frequency roll-of

FFT 1-Clock Periodic components indicate modulation is present. This plot shows the Frequency and amplitude of jitter. The highest peak is set to 0d

Summary This view shows a summary of the most recent time measurements and the frequency information from the largest peak on the FFT Secti

Low Frequency Modulation Theory of Operation This circuitry is used to record the time at which a measurement is made, in other words, each single ti

SECTION 4e CHANNEL-To-CHANNEL TOOLS... 221 Propagation Delay and Skew Tool ...

By decreasing the Maximum Frequency, the time between measurements is increased and lower jitter frequencies can be captured. The following figure sh

Phase Noise Tool Overview The Phase Noise tool allows users to measure phase noise in clock/oscillator sources. By simply choosing the highest freq

Interpreting views (plots) • FFT - Time amplitude vs. frequency content of jitter • Summary - View data in a text format and save user notes FFT

Summary View The Phase Noise Summary view reports values from acquired measurements. Mean is the measured period time; note that if the Maximum Fre

Phase Noise Theory Phase noise is the random fluctuation of phase in a clock signal and is typically used to specify the quality of a PLL circuit. I

Locktime Tool Applications • Measure Locktime or PLL settling time. • View the synchronous jitter. • Locktime Tool enables the user to view inf

Making a Measurement Setup Directions This tool requires an Arming signal. With Locktime, the user is able to make synchronous, single channel meas

Interpreting views (plots) • Time - Time (edge) vs. Mean • FFT - Frequency vs. Power (in dBs or Seconds) • 1-sigma - Time (edge) vs. 1-sigma • Pk

FFT The user is able to see the frequency and power of the measured Function. Vertical axis shows the power in dBs or time from the FFT of the Time

1-Sigma Each point on the plot represents the 1-sigma value from a histogram of measurements. The user is able to see how the 1-sigma of the measure

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Peak-to-Peak Each point on the plot represents the 1-sigma value from a histogram of measurements. The user is able to see how the peak-to-peak of t

Summary The data represent values from a histogram of measurements. ©WAVECREST Corporation 2005 Section 4 - GigaView 107

Locktime Theory The Locktime tool is actually an automated histogram process. The tool gathers time measurements to create many histograms. Statist

In-depth Description The Locktime tool enables the user to view the measured value of the signal, on either or both channels, with respect to its cyc

Statistical information from these histograms is plotted relative to the corresponding period. If Time view is chosen, the mean (from each histog

Cycle-to-Cycle Tool Overview The Cycle-to-Cycle tool will display a histogram of the difference between two adjacent cycles of a clock. Making

Interpreting views (plots) • Norm Adjacent - Shows a single histogram of the most recently acquired measurements. • Acum Adjacent - Shows a histogr

Acum Adjacent This view shows the results of running acquires or multiple single acquires of time measurements displayed as a histogram. The statisti

Maxi Adjacent This view shows the Maximum number of hits per edge displayed as a histogram. Multiple acquires will only change the plot if the hits p

Bathtub Bathtub Curve is also referred to as an "error probability density plot". This plot is derived from a convolution of DJ and RJ val

Purpose and Organization of this Manual The purpose of this manual is to provide the user with a quick overview of the Signal Integrity Analyzer 30

Summary A text output is shown. The "Normal" row shows statistics from the normal histogram view. "Accum" row shows statistics fr

Cycle-to-Cycle Theory The measurements made are basically the same as a period measurement for a histogram. Rather than capturing two edges, three ed

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DRCG Tool Applications of DRCG Tool • Characterize the effect of the second phase aligner stage of the DRCG on a cycle-by-cycle basis as specified

Making A DRCG Measurement Setup Directions Connect the clock source to be analyzed to a measurement channel. From the front panel, verify under &apo

Interpreting DRCG views (plots) • Jitter Plot • Summary DRCG Jitter Plot This plot shows the worst-case measurements low or high for both risin

DRCG Summary View The summary view shows measured values from multiple acquisitions. Each sweep consists of 10,000 samples of the relationship speci

DRCG Theory of Operation This tool measures the absolute difference between two adjacent periods as seen in the figure below. 10,000 measurements a

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Spread Spectrum Clock Tool Overview The Spread Spectrum Clock (SSC) tool automatically measures SSC effects on signals. The tool will measure the f

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Interpreting Spread Spectrum Clock views (plots) • Histogram • 1-Sigma • Summary Spread Spectrum Histogram view This plot shows the PPM his

Spread Spectrum 1-Sigma view This plot show the I-sigma's for the histograms acquired between the span of 'Min SSC freq. (kHz)' and &

Spread Spectrum Summary view This view shows the summary values for the SSC tool. Section 4 - GigaView ©WAVECREST Corporation 2005 128

Spread Spectrum Clock Theory of Operation The SSC tool will measure the appropriate number of the input clock cycles to see the maximum peak-to-peak

The SSC tool will then measure a histogram of this span and determine the PPM deviation form the input "Nominal Freq. (MHz)". The figure be

Data Tools Data Tools Overview There are different tools available for measuring data signals. Each tool requires specific signal types to provide m

Known Pattern with Marker Applications of Known Pattern with Marker tool • Show Jitter and its components on a pattern relative to its ideal positio

Making a KPWM Measurement This tool defaults to a Fibre Channel setup. The description covers most basic measurements and configuration. • Connect

Possible Errors and solutions "Failed bit rate calc – bad pattern or signal" This error generally indicates that the pattern that the ins

Known Pattern with Marker Setup Directions Data Pattern Device Under Test Pattern Marker – Arming Signal Interpreting KPWM

SECTION 1– SIA-3000™ Quick Setup and Measure This section helps the user to quickly set up the WAVECREST Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000 (SIA-3000)

DCD + ISI Histogram This view displays the "normalized accumulation" of all the DCD+ISI measurements taken during each acquire run. The

DCD + ISI vs. Edge This view plots the DCD+ISI relative to the pattern. It gives information about how the DCD+ISI component of jitter varies relativ

1-Sigma view This view allows the user to see jitter modulation. It shows the 1-sigma values for many histograms. This plot shows jitter components

FFT view This is the FFT of the Autocorrelation of the variance from the 1-sigma view. This plot shows the spectral power density of the uncorrelated

Bathtub view This is referred to as the "error probability density plot" of a data signal. The plot is normalized to one UI. The TJ number

UI Distrib view Unit Interval distribution plot. This shows all measurement data taken of the serial data signal during the DCD+ISI measurement segme

Summary This view shows measured jitter values. Each of these values relates to one of the other plots. DCD+ISI - This is the pk-pk difference betw

Known Pattern with Marker Theory This section will give a basic overview of the methodology behind the KPWM measurement. In addition to the data sign

Pattern Marker Data Pattern ∆t1 ∆t2 ∆t3 ∆t4 ∆t5 ∆t6 ∆t7 ∆t8 ∆t9 ∆t10 ∆t11 ∆t12 ∆t13 Lastly, data is gathered to show PJ and RJ frequency component

Random Data with Bit Clock This tool makes measurements relative to a bit-clock. Therefore modulation or PJ cannot be determined. Similarly because

 Attach coax cable to the (Channel 1) IN 1 connector. Ensure there is a tight connection.  Attach other end of coax cable to the Calibration OUT

Making a RDBC Measurement Random Data w/Bit Clock Setup Directions • Verify the proper input signal levels. • Connect the data signal to any open

Interpreting RDWBC views (plots) • Histogram • Probability • Bathtub • Summary Histogram View Histograms of Data Rising and Falling edge times

Probability Histogram View Histograms of Data Rising and Falling edge times measured from the Reference Edge of the Bit Clock are plotted. Horizont

Bathtub View This plot is derived from the TailFit. Using RJ and DJ information it shows a TJ value at a specified Bit Error Rate (BER default is 1*

Summary This view shows a summary of the information gathered. With TailFit enabled, DJpk-pk, Lt-rmsJ, Rt-rmsJ, Avg-rmsJ, and TJ are displayed. Goo

Random Data with Bit Clock Theory of Operation This tool automates a few different operations related to the Propagation Delay/Skew Histogram. The Da

This tool provides results very similar to those obtained from an oscilloscope: The histogram of a particular rising/falling edge referenced to a bit

In-depth theory When making a propagation delay measurement, the instrument will measure various combinations of bit clock edges to different data &qu

The following figure shows the Rising and Falling histograms which are the actual output of the tool. Section 4 - GigaView ©WAVECREST Corpor

Random Data with No Marker Applications • When a marker or bit clock is not available, such as live data on a network. This tool is useful for dia

Selecting a Measurement Tool The following steps will select the Histogram Tool using the Dialog Bar. From the opening view:  Click on to access

Making a Random Data No Marker Measurement Random Data, No Marker Setup Directions • Connect the data signal to any open measurement channel.

Interpreting RDNM Views (plots) • DCD + ISI • 1-Sigma • FFT • Bathtub • Summary DCD + ISI Displays the "normalized accumulation" o

1-Sigma This is a plot showing the accumulation of jitter over increasing numbers of Unit Intervals (UI) This view shows the 1-sigma values for the h

FFT Shows Frequency components of the data. The x-axis shows frequency. The y-axis shows amplitude or power. Because this tool does not use a Mark

Bathtub Shows the "error probability density plot" of a data signal. The plot is normalized to one UI and the Total Jitter (TJ) number in

Summary Shows the "error probability density plot" of a data signal. The plot is normalized to one UI and the Total Jitter (TJ) number in

Random Data No Marker Theory This method is not as accurate as known pattern with a marker when the DCD/ISI component is large because the histogram

Known Pattern with Bit Clock and Marker This tool can operate either with the Clock Recovery option installed or with an external bit clock applied

If you enable this feature, you have the choice of setting a –3Db HPF frequency or the tool will calculate the HPF filter setting by dividing the bit

Interpreting views (plots) • Total Histogram - Shows the Clock to Data measurements. • DCD + ISI Histogram - Displays the "normalized accumul

Turning on the 10MHz Square Wave The following steps will show the user how to select and enable the Calibration Signal Output signal.  Click on the

DCD + ISI Histogram View This view displays the "normalized accumulation" of all the DCD + ISI measurements taken during each acquire run

DCD + ISI vs. Span View This view plots the DCD+ISI relative to the pattern. It gives information about how the DCD+ISI component of jitter varies r

1-Sigma View This view allows the user to see jitter modulation. It shows the 1-sigma values for many histograms. This plot shows jitter components

FFT View This is the FFT of the Autocorrelation of the variance from the 1-sigma view. This plot shows the spectral power density of the uncorrelate

Bathtub View This is referred to as the "error probability density plot" of a data signal. The plot is normalized to one UI. The TJ number

Summary View This view shows measured jitter values. Each of these values relates to one of the other plots. ©WAVECREST Corp

Known Pattern with Bit Clock and Marker Theory This section will give a basic overview of the methodology behind the Known Pattern with Bit Clock and

If you have selected to have a Diagnostic FFT performed, the PJ frequency components are determined by taking the variance of timing measurements from

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Data Standards Tools PCI Express Fibre Channel Compliance Serial ATA InfiniBand PCI Express Tools PCI Express 1.1 Hardware Clock Recovery (CR) Tool P

Taking a Measurement  Click the button (Single/Stop) on the tool bar to view a histogram of the 10MHz square wave. Note:

Making a PCI Express 1.1 Hardware CR Measurement Setup Directions This tool uses the Multi-Rate Clock Recovery option. The option provides a compli

Interpreting views (plots) Oscilloscope - Shows the voltage vs. time for a portion of the pattern. Trans Eye - Shows the transition eye. De-emph Eye

Transition Eye View This view shows the Transition Eye. The Mask size changes depending on the compliance point at which the measurement is taken.

Total Jitter Histogram View The Total Jitter Histogram view shows the Clock to Data measurements. Bathtub View The Bathtub curve sh

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PCI Express 1.1 Software Clock Recovery (CR) Tool Overview This tool is for use with the PCI Express 1.1 specification and uses a software clock recov

• When the SMA jumpers are installed, it is necessary to Check the "Voltage Correction" in the EDIT|CR Config Menu. • From th

Interpreting views (plots) Oscilloscope - Shows the voltage vs. time for a portion of the pattern. Trans Eye - Shows the transition eye. De-emph Eye –

Transition Eye View This view shows the Transition Eye. The Mask size changes depending on the compliance point at which the measurement is taken.

DCD + ISI Histogram View This view shows the DCD+ISI Histogram. It allows you to distinguish rising and falling edges and see the effects of Data Dep

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FFT View This view shows an FFT of the Periodic jitter. It allows you to help diagnose and determine the frequencies at which Periodic jitter may be

PCI Express 1.1 Clock Analysis Tool Overview PCI Express 1.1 Card Electromechanical (CEM) specification gives the jitter requirements and testing meth

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PCI Express 1.0a Tool Overview The PCI Express 1.0a Tool provides both timing and amplitude compliance measurements in any environment, system or IC,

Interpreting views (plots) Oscilloscope - Shows the voltage vs. time for a portion of the pattern. Trans Eye - Shows a collection of Transition bits

Transition Eye View The Transition Eye is a collection of Transition bits across a record of 250UI. The reference point for these bits is from an es

De-emphasized Eye View The De-Emphasized Eye is a collection of De-Emphasized bits across a record of 250UI. The reference point for these bits is

Total Histogram View The Total Jitter Histogram view shows the Clock to Data measurements. An arrow at the center top of the plot indicates the mean

Summary View Shows a textual summary of the specifications measured along with Pass/Fail indicators. Many specifications continue to evolve and may

PCI Express Theory of Operation This section will give a basic overview of the methodology behind the KPWM measurement. In addition to the data sign

SECTION 2 - Front and Back Panel Descriptions FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION This section describes the front panel operation of the SIA-3000.

Pattern Marker Data Pattern ∆t1 ∆t2 ∆t3 ∆t4 ∆t5 ∆t6 ∆t7 ∆t8 ∆t9 ∆t10 ∆t11 ∆t12 ∆t13 Lastly, data is gathered to show PJ and RJ frequency component

Fibre Channel Compliance Tool With fewer controls to configure, this tool provides single-button compliance measurements of specifications summarizing

Making a Fibre Channel Measurement Setup Directions The tool requires a known repeating pattern such as CRPAT, CJTPAT, K28.5, etc. • If the SIA-

Note: If the Pattern Marker Option is not installed, connect a marker from your pattern generator to channel 2 and select channel 2. With an external

DCD + ISI Histogram View This view shows the rising and falling edge histograms relative to the center time of all edges measured. DCD

FFT View This view is derived from the 1-Sigma vs. Span view. It shows the spectral content of the jitter. The largest spike on this plot is repor

Fibre Channel Compliance Theory The Fibre Channel Compliance Tool utilizes the Known Pattern with Marker tool for the measurements. In addition to t

Serial ATA Tools Serial ATA II Compliance Hardware Clock Recovery (CR) Tool Serial ATA II Compliance Software Clock Recovery (CR) Tool Serial ATA 1.0

Making a SATA II Hardware CR Compliance Measurement Setup Directions This tool is able to measure SATA Gen 1x and Gen2x usage models. While there are

Interpreting views (plots) • Histograms - Shows a histogram of rising and falling data edge times relative to the recovered clock. • Eye Diagram -

4 Tool Function Buttons - Used for displaying tool selections, starting/stopping measurements, clearing current display measurements, disabling a

Bathtub Curve View The bathtub curve shows eye opening at a specific Bit Error Rate. This tool shows all RJ, DJ, and TJ values at 1*10-12 BER. In

Serial ATA II Software Clock Recovery Compliance Tool This tool is for usage models 1x, 2i and 2m and utilizes a software recovered clock model. The S

The Data Channel defaults to Channel 1 and does not need to be changed if your data is connected to IN1. • To perform the measurement, press “Single

DCD + ISI Histogram View This view shows a histogram of rising and falling edge times across one pattern repeat. It can give an indication of DCD+I

1-Sigma View The 1-sigma view shows the accumulation of jitter across a number of UI. When cross talk or Periodic Jitter is present, this plot look

Bathtub Curve View The bathtub curve shows eye opening at a specific Bit Error Rate. This tool shows all RJ, DJ and TJ values at 1*10-12 BER. Init

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Serial ATA 1.0 Compliance Tool The SATA standard defines a jitter generation specification profile. This tool automates these measurements and provid

Jitter vs. Span View This view shows the specification jitter levels (Version 1.0 of the SATA spec.) as the dotted line for both TJ and DJ. Then, it

Serial ATA Theory of Operation The SATA Specification requires that jitter measurements be made from Data edge to Data edge across varying spans. Th

7 File Output/Input Function Buttons - Used for storing or loading measurement data, tool configurations and data patterns. Press on the Prin

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InfiniBand Tool Overview Typical Applications of the InfiniBand Tool • SERDES, • Host Channel Adaptors, • Target Channel Adaptors, • Swit

Interpreting views (plots) • Histogram - The Total Jitter Histogram view shows the Clock to Data measurements. • Eye Diagram - This view shows th

Bathtub View The Bathtub curve shows the predicted Total jitter at a specific Bit Error Rate. Bit Error Rate is displayed on the vertical axis and

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CHANNEL-to-CHANNEL TOOLS Propagation Delay and Skew Data Bus Locktime Strip Chart – See Clock Strip Chart Tool Propagation Delay & Skew Tool Ma

Interpreting Prop Delay & Skew Views • Accumulated Histogram • Bathtub Histogram • Maxi Histogram • Summary View Acum Histogram This view

Maxi Histogram This view shows the Maximum number of hits per edge displayed as a histogram. Multiple acquires will only change the plot if the hits

Bathtub This plot is derived from the TailFit. Using RJ and DJ information it shows a TJ value at a specified Bit Error Rate (BER default is 1*10-12

Summary View The data represent values from histograms of measurements. Normal Histogram shows statistics from a single histogram. Accumulated Histo

9 Menu Navigation and Display Control Buttons - Activates pull-down menus of GigaView software and allows navigation/selection of menu choices and on

Propagation Delay & Skew Theory The instrument asynchronously measures times between threshold crossings. These hits are made randomly. Th

Databus Tool Overview With the SIA-3000™ Signal Integrity Analyzer and GigaView Databus software, single-ended and differential clock and data signa

Making a Databus Measurement Databus Tool Setup Directions • Connect a Bit Clock to the chosen "reference channel". Connect Data channels

Interpreting Databus Views (plots) • Data Histogram - Shows clock to data histograms. Setup and hold specifications are displayed as gray shaded ar

Data Bathtub Displays bathtub curves for each data channel. These curves are used for viewing long term statistical BER. The x-axis shows a 1 Unit In

Clock Histogram Identical to using the Histogram clock analysis tool, this tool displays a histogram of the reference clock signal. The x-axis shows

Clock Bathtub Displays bathtub curve for clock signal. The curves show the long term statistical BER. The x-axis shows a 1 Unit Interval (UI) window.

Databus Summary Displays a summary of the values measured off of each channel. ©WAVECREST Corporation 2005 Section 4 - GigaView 233

Databus Theory of Operation This tool automates a few different operations related to the Propagation Delay/Skew Histogram. The Data signal is conne

Channel-to-Channel Locktime Tool Overview Applications of the Channel-to-Channel Locktime Tool • Measure skew between channels relative to an arm

BACK PANEL DESCRIPTION This section describes the back panel operation of the SIA-3000. 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 1 AC Power

Interpreting views (plots) • Time View - Time (edge) vs. Mean • FFT View - Frequency vs. Power (in dBs or Seconds) • 1-Sigma View - Time (edge)

FFT View The user is able to see the frequency and power of the measured Function. Vertical axis shows the power in dBs or time from the FFT of the

1-Sigma View Each point on the plot represents the 1-sigma value from a histogram of measurements. The user is able to see how the 1-sigma of the me

Pk-Pk View Each point on the plot represents the 1-sigma value from a histogram of measurements. The user is able to see how the peak-to-peak of the

Summary View The data represent values from a histogram of measurements. Section 4 - GigaView ©WAVECREST Corporation 2005

Channel-to-Channel Locktime Theory This tool is an automated histogram process. The tool gathers time measurements to create many histograms. Stati

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Help Tools Help Tools Overview Use this button to access the opening screen of Help. From the opening screen, you can jump to step-by-step instruc

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Other Tools Other Tools Overview This feature allows access to other WAVECREST products using GigaView. For more information on the operation of t

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DTS-550 Jitter Generator Tool The DTS-550™ is a versatile clock generator allowing precise control of jitter amplitude, frequency and distribution on

DTS-550™ Setup Connect the DTS-550 to the SIA-3000™ using an IEEE 488 cable to the back of both units. Using the SIA-3000 GigaView software, sele

Switch Matrix Tool – DSM-16x Overview The WAVECREST DSM-16(x) is intended to extend the input capability of the SIA-3000™. In Compatibility mode,

The Configuration dialog box will be displayed. Select Reset HW, then select OK to restart GigaView. Sectio

After GigaView has restarted, select Other Tools on the main Dialog Bar and then select Switch Matrix on the Other Tools dialog bar.

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Arm Generator 100™ Tool Overview Please refer to your AG-100 User's Manual for more information on the operation of the instrument. Functions

Making a Measurement AG-100™ Setup On the back of the instrument: • Ensure AC power cable is connected. • Connect the AG-100 to the SIA-3000™ with

Configure the AG-100 Utility. Use the table to choose the proper mode for the data pattern to be analyzed. Pattern Match Mode 1x 2x Pattern Leng

SECTION 3 – Complete Setup of the SIA-3000 This section shows you how to inspect and fully set up the SIA-3000 including the attachment of accessor

AG-100™ Theory of Operation The AG-100 works with Fibre Channel, GigaBit Ethernet and InfiniBand data rates in Pattern Match mode. For Fibre Channel

OE-2 Tool Overview The WAVECREST OE-2 converts optical communication signals into electrical signals. Combining a WAVECREST DTS or SIA system with

Optical Interface Theory of Operation The OE-2 consists of a high-performance optical-to-electrical converter followed by wide-bandwidth signal proce

PM50 Tool Overview The WAVECREST PM50 option enables the user to obtain compliant jitter measurements. By inputting a data stream with a repeatin

Making a Measurement Using the PM50 and the Known Pattern with Marker Tool The tool defaults to a Single Rate Fibre Channel setup. The description c

Pattern Match mode has some restrictions and is used to generate a marker when the data has occasional insertions of bits (idles, for example). Patt

Interpreting PM50 Views (plots) • Pattern View - Plots the number of errors versus bit location in the data pattern when using the Bit Error Cou

Summary View This view displays Pattern Marker information in text format. ©WAVECREST Corporation 2005 Section 4 - GigaView 263

Pattern Marker Theory of operation The PM50 produces a pattern marker from a 40-bit unique portion of the pattern or by counting a user specified numb

Folded Eye Diagram Tool This tool will display an Eye Diagram/Eye Mask using the Bandwidth Extension. A repeating pattern is required for this tool. T

Connecting Power to the SIA-3000 The power supply of the SIA-3000 operates with a line voltage in the range of 100 to 230VAC at 50-60 HZ line frequen

Summary View This view shows hits in the mask region compared to how many samples are on the screen. Folded Eye Diagram Theory of OperationThe &quo

Composite Plot Tool Access to this tool is through the Toolbar by clicking on the button. The Composite Tool is used to overlay various plots tha

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APPENDIX A- Macro Interface Overview GigaView provides Macro Record and Playback features for scripting and automating activities performed on a rep

Cascade Method - This method cascades all the child views inside the main window frame. Syntax AppObj.Cascade AppObj is the required GigaView Applicat

DialogBar Method - This method can be used to hide or show the Dialog Bar which is used to modify tool parameters. Syntax AppObj.DialogBar(Show) App

GpibClose Method - This method can be used to terminate a connection previously opened using the GpibOpen method. Syntax AppObj.GpibClose(DevID) Ap

(GpibOpen Method continued) Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":HOLD VOLT;:VOLT1:HIGH 800 MV;:VOLT1:LOW -800 MV" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":HOLD VOLT;:VOLT2

MarkerMode Method - This method can be used to hide or show the Horizontal and Vertical Markers on the current plot view. Syntax AppObj.MarkerMode(Hor

Modify Method - This method provides a means to change tool parameters listed in the Dialog Bar on the right side of the main window frame. The menu c

Connect a Pointing Device/Mouse The pointing device is included with the SIA-3000 but using it is optional. All operations of the instrument, except

NewWindow Method - This method can be used to create an additional view of the current tool. Syntax AppObj.NewWindow AppObj is the required GigaView

Print Method - Issues the Print command to the current tool. The default printer and current print settings will be used. Syntax AppObj.Print AppObj i

Show Method - This method makes the GigaView application visible. It is only necessary if GigaView is launched via an external program such as Microso

View Method - This method can be used to select which Plot View is displayed for the current tool. Syntax AppObj.View NewView AppObj is the required

COMPARISON OPERATORS - Used to compare expressions. Syntax result = expression1 comparisonoperator expression2 Operator Description

APPENDIX B - Tailfit™ Theory The tail-part of an histogram distribution reflects the random jitter (RJ) process. Physically, random jitter is due to

With Tailfit™ Enabled Accumulated view shows the Gaussian curves fitted to the left and right tails. This Example shows three views from a histogra

Appendix C – SIA-3000™ Calibration Calibration Options The Calibration selection is used to access the instrument's calibration options and ha

Passing values do not necessarily reflect actual SIA noise floors. These values only reflect the measurement of the calibration signal. If the values

Timer Calibration - This calibration mode affects all other calibrations and should be performed first. The Timer calibration characterizes the intern

WAVECREST Corporation continually engages in research related to product improvement. New material, production methods, and design

ATTACHING PERIPHERAL DEVICES TO THE SIA-3000 Connecting an External Monitor The SIA-3000 has the option of connecting a VGA-compatible monitor for

Deskew Calibration with DC Offset The Deskew Calibration with DC Offset calibration compensates for DC offsets and then automatically performs a “Desk

A quick test to check Deskew Calibration The GigaView software can be used to check the calibration. The deskew calibration has two parts. The first

Manual Channel Skews This step is optional, it allows fixed time offsets to be added to or subtracted from a channel when a Channel-to-Channel measu

Appendix D – SIA-3000 Specifications and Maintenance Mainframe Specifications Channel card options...2, 5 and 10. Visit our

General Specifications Power requirements Voltage...100-120 VAC ± 10%, 200-240 VAC ± 10% Frequen

Fuse Replacement The IEC plug-in at the back of the SIA-3000 provides the input connection for the AC power cord. A small compartment on the IEC plug

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APPENDIX E – Clock Recovery Option The clock recovery option enables signal integrity compliance and diagnostics measurements when access to a bit c

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APPENDIX F – Remote GigaView Installation Remote GigaView software provides one of the most comprehensive jitter analysis software packages on the m

Connecting to the Network Interface Card (NIC) A 10/100BaseT NIC card is included with every SIA-3000. Consult with your company’s information syste

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Windows 95/98/2000/NT 4.0/XP • MS Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP or NT 4.0 Operating Systems • National Instruments GPIB driver to

Remote GigaView ™ INSTALLATION Windows™ 95/98/2000 /NT 4.0/XP If a previous version of Remote GigaView has been installed, backup copies of existing

UNIX Although it is not mandatory, it is recommended that root user perform the Remote GigaView installation. If root user is unavailable, write permi

Glossary of Terms +/- 0.5 UI Filter - Available when a pattern marker is being used and Quick-mode is not enabled. Eliminates stray errors due to

Add/Delete Channel - Clicking on button will display a selection box for adding or deleting channels. Use the keypad to select one or more channel

Arm2 Gating – DTS compatibility mode. Enables/disables Arm2 input as a gating input. With Arm2 Gating On, the trip voltage set by Arm2 Gating Voltag

Back - Return to previous Dialog bar page or Getting Started Wizard page. Bandwidth Enhanced - Selecting "Bandwidth Enhanced" by checking th

Bit Rate Patterns - Determines the number of patterns over which a single time measurement is made. Because the pattern and total number of UI is

Cascade command (View menu) - Arranges windows so they overlap starting in the upper left-hand corner with the active tool screen being displayed. Th

Clock Recovery Configuration Dialog Box - If your SIA-3000 has the Clock Recovery (CR) option, it will need to be configured for the specific data rat

The Network properties dialog box will be displayed.  Click Yes to continue.  Click Add in the Network Properties dialog box. The Select Net

Crosspoint Detect - Crosspoint detect normalizes the data rising edge and falling edge histograms relative to the bit clock (see Figure below). Pulse

DataBus Arm Violations - There are 4 possible arm violations in this tool. The examples below show cases where the Arm Delay could be set improperly.

The third example is shown in the following figure and displays a situation where the falling edges are 1 UI away from the rising edges. This occurs

If you change your view to the clock histogram (see figure below) you will see that there is a positive histogram centered at 320ps and a negative one

Data Channel - Select channel for data input. Data Path - The Data Path button allows you to change directories if you frequently save measurement dat

DCD + ISI LPF - This option applies a Low Pass Filter to the DCD+ISI data. The resulting, filtered data is plotted on top of the raw DCD+ISI data in t

DCD + ISI Samples - This is the number of time samples in each histogram for each edge of the pattern. The histogram MIN, MEAN and MAX times can be s

Delete this Plot Button - Clicking on button will delete the selected plot. Deskew Calibration - Measures the difference between the channel paths in

Dimensions Options - Opens menu for the sizing and positioning of the box used for histograms. Disable All command (Action menu) - Use this command to

Edges to Skip - Will determine the number of edges to skip before the time measurement stops. When measuring Period, a value of zero will create a hi

The Select Network Client dialog box will be displayed.  Select ‘Microsoft’ for the Manufacturers.  Select ‘Client for Microsoft Networks’ for

Error Tolerance (UI) - Measurements of an edge that exceed this value will cause an error. Extended (Calibration) - The "Extended" check box

Filters - Enables/disables time and range filtering. The Window Filter is a post-processing filter that ignores measurements acquired outside of the

Gaussian - A statistical distribution (also termed "normal") characterized by populations that are not bounded in value and have well define

Histogram Options button - This button will open a menu for configuring a histogram window. The histogram shows statistics from the samples that fall

Jitter - Jitter is a period / frequency displacement of a signal from its ideal location. These displacements can occur in amplitude, phase or pulse w

Keep Out Enable - By turning this feature on, the user is able to define an exclusion region for Tail Fit. When a keep out region is defined, the Tai

Learn Pattern - A pattern may be "learned" if it is not already stored as a .ptn file or too long to be manually entered in Edit Pattern. T

Manual Channel Skew - Clicking on this button will reveal a panel for entering relative channel skews for up to 10 channels. Manual Channel Skew is u

Maximum SSC Frequency (kHz) - When the 'Data Standards' selection is "Custom", this in combination with Minimum SSC Frequency, det

Minimum Effective Rate - Enter minimum value for curve fit range when calculating effective deterministic and random jitter. Minimum Filter (MHz) - Lo

Once the system is running, enter: (Obtain these from your Network Administrator) User name: Password: Domain: (once you enter this value it will be

Offset (mV) - Sets the voltage offset of the waveform, or use the "Vertical Position" knob on the front panel. Offset (ps) - Offsets the spe

Output Termination - Sets the termination impedance for the selected channel. This list control is available only when the Custom 1-Custom 3 presets

Perform Placement Button - Automatically places an arm edge in a low transition portion of the pattern. Periodic Jitter (PJ) - Periodic Jitter (PJ) is

Pulsefind Button/selection (Action menu) - Performs a peak-to-peak voltage measurement and sets the voltage threshold to be used for timing measuremen

RJ + PJ High Pass Filter - A post-processing filter that is applied to the data after acquisition. The filter affects the determination of what are co

Save Mask - Opens a dialog box for saving the open mask. Scale to Fit - Once the settings are selected, pressing this button will scale the eye mask a

Start Arm - Choose channel for Start Arming input. See also Arming. Start Delay (Periods) - Set number of periods to delay before taking measurements

Sync Mode - Used to specify the mode of operation of the SYNC OUT signal. Jitter Sync This mode will cause the SYNC OUT to follow the Jitter Frequenc

Threshold Voltage - When set to Auto, sets start and stop threshold reference voltages (see Pulsefind) based on the minimum and maximum pulse level fo

Total Jitter Spec (ns) - The width used in the Bathtub View to assess the Error Probability in nanoseconds. Different specs will yield different bath

Changing the Network Domain Name  Click Tool on the GigaView menu bar.  Point to Network and then select Properties. The Network properties di

Verify Calibration - This verification does NOT change any calibration values, it only checks them and suggests whether or not a calibration should be

Window Maximum - Enter maximum filtering time in seconds. See also Filters. Window Minimum - Enter minimum filtering time in seconds. See also Filters

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200053-06 REV A WAVECREST Corporation World Headquarters: West Coast Office: Europe Office: Japan Office: 7626 Golden Triangle Drive 173

The Client for Microsoft Networks Properties dialog box will be displayed.  Check the Log on to Windows NT domain check box.  Enter the network

Changing the SIA-3000 IP Address  Click Tool on the GigaView menu bar.  Point to Network and then select Properties. The Network properties d

The TCP/IP Properties dialog box will be displayed.  Select Specify an IP address.  Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask. Modify any other net

Performing the Scandisk and Defragmentation of the Local Disk  Select Tool on the GigaView menu bar  Point to Network and then select Share Drive

ATTENTION: USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO THE WAVECREST SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS SET FORTH BELOW. USING THE SOFTWARE INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF TH

Use the Error-checking status tool first.  Select Check Now…  Select Standard for Type of test.  Select the Automatically fi

Next, use the Defragmentation status tool.  Select Defragment Now… The Defragmenting Drive C: popup box will be displayed.  Select Yes to

Connecting and Installing a Printer If you have a serial printer, you will need a 9-pin to 25-pin serial printer cable.  Attach the 9-pin small

SECTION 4 – GigaView Software Introducing GigaView Software WAVECREST’s GigaView software is the latest software package to address the growing need

Using GigaView Introduction This section introduces a new user to the basic controls and features of GigaView software. Refer to the Help files pr

MENU BAR The Menu Bar is displayed across the top of the application window below the Title Bar. The Menu Bar provides pull-down menus for accessing

Edit Pull-down Menu The Edit pull-down menu lists options for editing displayed data as well as customizing display/window characteristics. Global

Action Pull-down Menu The Action pull-down menu lists commands for taking measurements, remote calibration and accessing the Macro feature of GigaView

View Pull-down Menu The View pull-down menu lists options for adding a new window with the same contents as the active window, determining the order a

TOOLBAR The toolbar is displayed across the top of the application window below the menu bar. The toolbar provides one-button activation for many of

Table of Contents Purpose and Organization of this Manual ...xiii SECTION 1 SIA-3000™ Quick Setup and Me

INITIAL DIALOG BAR The initial Dialog Bar (see figure below) displays categories of tools (Clock, Data, Other Tools, etc.). Each category contains on

DIALOG BARS Once a measurement tool has been chosen, the Dialog Bar displays general and tool-specific parameter selections. Many of the tools have p

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MEASUREMENT TOOLS Oscilloscope - View the waveform Clock - Single channel measurements Clock Analysis - Combines different measurement tools. Histo

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Oscilloscope Tool Applications • Display a waveform as voltage vs. time • Measure voltage parameters of signals • Measure Rise and Fall time

Oscilloscope Dialog Bars (See the Glossary or Online Help for definitions of each field.) Section 4 - GigaView ©WAVECREST Corporation 20

Making an Oscilloscope Measurement Setup Directions This tool requires a signal connected to any available measurement channel. A trigger signal ca

Interpreting Oscilloscope Views (plots) • Time - Time vs. Voltage including Eye Mask options. • Summary - Textual display of Oscilloscope measurem

Summary View The data represent information from the Oscilloscope. This page can be annotated. Each row summarizes voltage measurements for a pa

SECTION 4a CLOCK TOOLS... 47 Clock Analysis Histogram Tool – Applicatio

Oscilloscope Theory of Operation There are two different measurement engines in the SIA-3000 that perform specific measurements using the most approp

Clock Tools Clock Analysis - Combines different measurement tools Histogram - Statistical analysis of measurements such as period, pulse width,

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Clock Analysis Tool This tool combines a few different measurement tools in the SIA-3000. By doing this, a large number of useful results can be disp

Making a Clock Analysis Measurement Setup Directions • Connect signal to Channel 1. Most Tools default to Channel 1, however, the input channel ca

Interpreting views (plots) • Oscilloscope view – Shows the waveform and measures voltage parameters. • Histogram view - Shows the results of a Peri

Histogram View The Histogram View shows the results of a Period Jitter histogram. The Period samples are made from the rising edge to the rising edg

Total Jitter View The Total Jitter View shows how the Pk-Pk grows over time. Pk-Pk of a histogram is not a meaningful metric if not bounded in some

FFT View The FFT view shows a frequency analysis of the jitter. When Deterministic Jitter is present, it is often periodic and can be identified in

Clock Analysis Theory The SIA-3000 is a hybrid instrument that combines the measurement capabilities of a sampling oscilloscope with time measurement

SECTION 4b OTHER CLOCK TOOLS ... 89 Statistics Tool ...

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Histogram Tool Applications of Histogram Tool • Displays information about the distribution of the measured events such as period, Rise time, Fall t

Making a Histogram Measurement Setup Directions On the Dialog bar menu along the right side of the initial GigaView screen, select , then . The Dial

Interpreting views (plots) • Acum view - Time vs. # of samples (all samples from Run or Single acquires) • Maxi view - Time vs. # of samples (Maxim

Histogram Maxi View This view shows the Maximum number of hits per edge displayed as a histogram. Multiple acquires will only change the plot if the

Histogram Bathtub View Bathtub Curve is also referred to as an "error probability density plot." This plot is derived from a convolution of

Histogram Summary View The data represent values from histograms of measurements. Normal Histogram shows statistics from a single histogram. Accumu

With TailFit Enabled - See TailFit Theory Accumulated view shows the Gaussian curves fitted to the left and right tails. This Example shows three vie

Histogram Theory of Operation The Histogram is the most basic information that the instrument and GigaView software will provide. The Hits per Measu

Histogram In-depth Description The SIA-3000™ asynchronously measures times between threshold crossings. fall time = t2 These "hits" are

SECTION 4c DATA TOOLS... 131 Known Pattern with Marker Tool - Applicati

Example 1 Single Mode Histogram - A Good Clock This histogram shows a single Gaussian distribution. This is typical of a random sampling of clock p

Example 2 Bimodal Histogram-Equal Heights This histogram shows two distributions (modes) that have roughly equal amounts of hits. The histogram rel

Example 3 Bimodal Histogram - Unequal Heights This histogram shows two distributions (modes) that have unequal amounts of hits. The histogram relate

High Frequency Modulation Tool Applications • View accumulated jitter in the modulation domain • Look at the frequency components of jitter using a

Making a Measurement Setup Directions On the Dialog bar menu along the right side of the initial GigaView screen, select then . The Dialog Bar menu

Interpreting views (plots) • 1-Sigma view - Edges (or time) vs. 1-sigma • Pk-Pk view - Edges (or time) vs. 1-sigma • FFT N-clock view - Frequency v

Peak-to-Peak View Each point on the plot represents the peak-to-peak value from a histogram of measurements. The user is able to see how the peak-to

FFT N-clock view The user is able to see the frequency components and amplitude of the jitter. Horizontal x-axis shows Frequency. Vertical y-axis sh

FFT 1-clock view The user is able to see the frequency components and amplitude of the jitter affecting a single clock period. Compared to the N-cloc

Summary View The data represents values from histograms of measurements. -The values in the 1-sigma row show the mean/min/max and pk-pk 1-sigma

SECTION 4d DATA STANDARDS TOOLS ... 175 PCI Express 1.1 Hardware Clock Recovery

High Frequency Modulation Theory The High Frequency Modulation Analysis tool enables the user to see jitter accumulation and frequency components of

Strip Chart Tool Overview The Strip Chart tool plots histogram statistics at regular intervals defined by the user. The user can select to view the

Interpreting Strip Chart Views (plots) • Ave/Max/Min • Pk-Pk/1-Sigma • Summary Ave/Max/Min See long term changes in the Average, Maximum and Min

1-Sigma View/Pk-Pk See long-term changes in the Peak-to-Peak and 1-sigma measured values. Horizontal x-axis shows time. The user sets the incremen

Strip Chart Theory of Operation The Strip Chart tool displays histogram data in a horizontal format with histograms being created at time intervals se

PLL Analysis Tool Applications of the PLL Analysis Tool • Find the transfer function of a 2nd-order PLL • View the Bode plot of a PLL. • Identify

Making A PLL Analysis Measurement Setup Directions • Open the Advanced PLL tool. • Connect the signal to a measurement channel (see below). Set the

Interpreting PLL Analysis views (plots) • 1-Sigma • PLL Transfer • Bode Plot • Poles & Zero • Summary 1-Sigma Plot The time domain data

PLL Transfer Plot The domain of the transfer function is frequency normalized to the natural frequency ωn. The y-axis is magnitude in dB.

Bode Plot The domain of the Bode Plot is frequency normalized to the natural frequency ωn. The upper plot is amplitude in dB and the lower plot is p